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Cynthia "Cindy" Morris Sherman (born January 19, 1954) is an American photographer and film director, best known for her conceptual portraits. In 1995, she was the recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship. ==Early life and education== Sherman was born in Glen Ridge, New Jersey, the youngest of five children.〔Genocchio, Benjamin. ("ART REVIEW; Portraits of the Artist as an Actor" ), ''The New York Times'', April 4, 2004; accessed May 21, 2012. "Ms. Sherman was born in Glen Ridge; when she was 3, her family moved to Huntington Beach on Long Island."〕〔Simon Hattenstone (15 January 2011), (Sherman: Me, myself and I ) ''The Guardian''.〕 Shortly after her birth, her family moved to the township of Huntington, Long Island, where her father worked as an engineer for Grumman Aircraft.〔Carol Vogel (February 16, 2012), ('Cindy Sherman Unmasked" ), nytimes.com; accessed March 7, 2015.〕 Her mother taught children with learning difficulties to read.〔 Sherman became interested in the visual arts at Buffalo State College, where she began painting. Frustrated with what she saw as the medium's limitations, she abandoned the form and took up photography. "()here was nothing more to say (painting )", she later recalled. "I was meticulously copying other art and then I realized I could just use a camera and put my time into an idea instead." Sherman has said about this time: "One of the reasons I started photographing myself was that supposedly in the spring one of my teachers would take the class out to a place near Buffalo where there were waterfalls and everybody romps around without clothes on and takes pictures of each other. I thought, ‘Oh, I don't want to do this. But if we're going to have to go to the woods I better deal with it early.’ Luckily we never had to do that."〔 She spent the remainder of her college education focused on photography. Though Sherman had failed a required photography class as a freshman, she repeated the course with Barbara Jo Revelle, whom she credits with introducing her to conceptual art and other contemporary forms. At college she met Robert Longo, who encouraged her to record her process of "dolling up" for parties.〔Michael Small (November 30, 1987), (Photographer Cindy Sherman Shoots Her Best Model—Herself ) ''People''.〕 Together with Longo, Charles Clough and Nancy Dwyer, she created Hallwalls, an arts center. The center was a snapshot of Buffalo in the late 1970s, a city which had gained a reputation as a model laboratory for artists interested in dismantling boundaries between media. Aside from Hallwalls and the wealth of classes and programs in the arts supplied by the two Buffalo campuses of the SUNY school system, Sherman was exposed to the contemporary art exhibited at the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Media Studies Buffalo, the Center for Exploratory and Perceptual Arts, and Artpark, in nearby Lewiston, N.Y., where she was privy to the fluid exchange of influences among the artists, curators and programmers working at all these venues and in all the exhibited media.〔G. Roger Denson (March 5, 2012), (Cindy Sherman as Orson Welles... as John Ford... as Vittorio De Sica... as Alfred Hitchcock... ), ''Huffington Post''; accessed February 24, 2015.〕 It was in Buffalo that Sherman encountered the photo-based Conceptual works of artists Hannah Wilke, Eleanor Antin, and Adrian Piper.〔Roberta Smith (February 23, 2012), ("Photography's Angel Provocateur - ‘Cindy Sherman’ at Museum of Modern Art" ), nytimes.com; accessed March 7, 2015.〕 Along with artists like Laurie Simmons, Louise Lawler, and Barbara Kruger, Sherman is considered to be part of the Pictures Generation.〔Douglas Eklund, (Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History: The Pictures Generation ), metmuseum.org; accessed March 7, 2015.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cindy Sherman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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